LITERACY VALUE OF SURAT AL-'ALAQ VERSES 1–5 IN TAFSIR AL-MISHBAH AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN MADRASAH

2021


A. INTRODUCTION
Qur ' an is a noble book that has the most important position on the religion of Islam and Muslims, because it is the guidance and the Shari'ah, and as a shining light, the Qur'an comes with using Uslub Balaghah language Arabic, and as a very clear source that can direct human life (Abdullah in Handoko et al: 2018: 18). The first verse of the Qur'an was revealed to Rasulullah SAW. pointing to the superiority of science, namely by ordering reading as the key to science (Yusuf Qordhowi, 2004: 91). If we look at the verse that was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. is an order to learn.
It is so important to read that Allah SWT revealed His revelation to Prophet Muhammad SAW. the first is the command to read in surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5. The command of iqra'means that every Muslim is obliged to always add information so that he has a lot of information, namely by reading and researching qauliyyah verses andverses kauniyah according to ability. In surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in addition to being the first letter also as the coronation of Muhammad SAW as the Messenger of Allah or the messenger of Allah to all mankind to convey His message. Iqra ' or the command to recite, is the first word of the first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. this word is so important that it is repeated twice in the first series of revelations.
(1) Recite in the name of your Lord Who created, (2) He created man from a clot of blood. (3) Read, and your Lord is the Most Gracious, (4) Who teaches (mankind) by the pen (Meaning: Allah teaches man by the writing of reading), (5) He teaches man what he does not know. : [1][2][3][4][5] According to M. Quraish Shihab (2002: 392-398) in his Tafsir Al-Mishbah that reading in the letter al-'Alaq is the duty of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his people in order to equip themselves with the power of knowledge. Reading is meant to read anything that can be reached whether it is a written or unwritten text, a text that is sacred (book) or an ordinary essay. Reading must also be repeated to gain a deeper understanding of something and gain new insights gained from reading. The repetition signals to human beings to be diligent in reading in order to gain new knowledge and insights. The repetition also means that how important reading is and how great the benefits that can be obtained if people want to read, both qauliyah verses and kauniyah verses. As for the ways taken for a child to have reading habits, among others: parents set an example for children to love reading, provide books and magazines specifically for children, motivate children to create a personal mini -library and use children's hobbies to love reading. Thus the author can conclude that the Qur'an in advance underlines the importance of reading which is one of the ways that humans do in their learning activities. But in this case there is a necessity of sincerity and skill in choosing reading material that does not lead to things that are contrary to Islam. Therefore, through the command to read becomes one of the reasons for the birth of literacy among Muslims. Which Islam highly values the world of education, whether through reading, writing, or other activities. Thus, it can be seen that through the first five verses of Surat al-'Alaq is the content of human urgency to learn. In addition, the meaning of the Qur'an as a reading and the first revelation that contains the command to read is also a proof of the importance of literacy for humans in developing science (Zarnuji, et al., 2021;Khamid, 2020). Because reading becomes a human way to enter the vast treasures of knowledge.
With the advancement of time, literacy is very necessary to be applied in today's millennial generation. As in Islam that literacy is also highly emphasized in its teachings, which are contained in the QS. al-'Alaq verses 1-5. This proves that the main source of literacy is the Qur'an. So that readers can realize that literacy is not the only government program that is being talked about to build a culture of reading. However, literacy is a religious command that must be carried out in order to build an Islamic personality that is rich in science.
The Ministry of Education and Culture developed the GLS (School Literacy Movement) as set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 23 of 2015. This GLS involves all stakeholders in the field of education, from the central, provincial, district/ city levels, to education units. In addition, involving external and public elements, namely parents of students, alumni, community, business and industry are also important components in GLS. The purpose of the intensification of literacy programs in education is to help individuals involved in the world of education become aware that literacy plays a major role in education. The Qur'an which speaks of literacy issues is the main purpose that in addition to the Qur'an as the main source of teachings of Muslims, also the content of the Qur'an is very complex. But very few of the researchers who study more deeply related to the values of literacy in the Qur'an, especially in the QS>. al-'Alaq verses 1-5 which so far in the previous study only related it to the world of education alone on having studied especially in Mts Al-Uswah Bergas who has never studied QS>. al-'Alaq verses 1-5 associated with the world of literacy. Whereas the study of literacy values in the Qur'an can be a motivation for society in general and students and academics to mobilize a culture of literacy.
With the reverence of previous research that has been described above, the author would like to try to review or re -examine with a different research focus from previous research. The research that will be examined by the author focuses on the literacy value of surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in tafsir al-Mishbah and examines how the implementation of the literacy value at the madrasah level, especially in MTs Al Uswah Bergas Kab. Semarang. This study aims to; 1) To describe the general picture of Tafsir al-Mishbah. 2) To describe the concept of literacy value of surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in Tafsir al-Mishbah. and 3) To describe the implementation of the literacy value of Surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in Tafsir al-Mishbah in MTs Al Uswah Kec. Bergas, Kab. Semarang.

B. METHOD
As a handle in writing and data processing to facilitate the achievement of writing objectives, the author uses methodsmethods where this type of research includes the type of library research (Library Reasearch), namely research that examines and delves into various written sources related to the theme. the author is the literacy value of surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 and its implementation at the level of madrasah tsanawiyah by making Tafsīr al-Mishbah by M. Quraish Shihab as the main source of reference. While the nature of this research is descriptive analytical (Muhamad Nazir, 1998: 68) in this research the subject matter is the Literacy Value of Surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in Tafsir Al-Mishbah and its Implementation in MTs Al Uswah Kec. Bergas, Kab. Semarang will be discussed clearly, systematically and in a focused manner. Furthermore, before entering the node domain, the object is critically analyzed by directing it to the subject of discussion.
In this study uses a philosophical approach, that is, the way of thinking according to free logic into the bottom of the problem or deep knowledge of the secrets and purposes of everything (Ismail Muhammad Syah, 1991: 19) or in another formulation of philosophical thinking can be defined as thinking fundamentally , analysis and systematic in order to find the essence of the truth of science. In the context of this research, the author takes the thoughts of M. Quraish Shihab which are widely scattered in various literatures, by making the theme of educational values as the center of discussion and making Tafsir al-Mishbah as the main reference, then collected and analyzed carefully and critically to produce conclusions which is scientific.
The object discussed in this study is the Literacy Value of Surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in Tafsir Al-Mishbah and its Implementation in MTs Al Uswah Kec. Bergas, Kab. Semarang. The time spent by the author in this study is from January -March 2021. Because the study in this research is library research , the data sources referred to are written sources related to the research theme. The primary source in this research is Tafsir al Mishbah by M. Quraish Shihab in order to find a formula about the literacy value of surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 and its implementation in MTs Al Uswah Kec. Bergas, Kab. Semarang whose data source comes from direct observation at the place of the research object, in addition, other books are also used as long as there is still relevance to this research as a secondary source.
The data collection technique in this study, data collection is done by documentation method, which is to collect various written sources including books, newspapers, photographs, and related school documents, the results of interviews, observations and so on (Riduwan, 2004: 77).
And also the technique of data analysis is an activity of organizing, sorting, grouping, marking or code, and categorizing data so that working hypotheses can be found and formulated based on the data (Lexi j Moleong: 1998: 10). While analysis according to Hasan Sadily is a way of examining something by presenting all the basic elements and the relationship between the elements concerned (Hasan Sadzily, 1980: 206). In other words, data analysis is the analysis and analysis of data to produce a conclusion.
First of all, this research is done by examining the verses that were revealed for the first time in Islam, studying their interpretation, and categorizing the content that refers to this research. The analysis technique used is a content analysis technique (Content Analysis) which is a scientific analysis of the content or message of a communication, technically the researcher analyzes the data of the verses of the Qur'an, the hadith of the Prophet, and scientific books that support the verses the researcher meticulously. According to Weber in Hasan Sadily's book, Content Analysis is a methodology that utilizes a set of procedures to draw valid conclusions from a document, while according to Hosti, Content Analysis is any technique used to draw conclusions through an effort to find message characteristics and done objectively and systematic (Hasan Sadzily, 1980: 163). Surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 this is a verse -The verses of the Qur'an that were first revealed, namely in the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. khalwat in the Cave of Hira '. The beginning of the revelation to Rasulullah SAW. this is when he is asleep and having good dreams. Until then Rasulullah SAW. Desiring to leave the crowd and he went to hira 'cave forfor a khalwat few days. At one time an angel came to him, and the angel said, "iqra ' (read)!". Then he replied "I'm not good at reading". The angel hugged him until he had difficulty, then the angel again said "iqra ' (read)", he replied again "I am not good at reading" after 3 times he answered like that, the angel recited surat al Alaq verses 1-5 (Ahmad Nurwadjah, 2007: 201).

A. Literacy Value of Surat al-'Alaq 1-5 in
Rasulullah SAW. those who are not good at reading and writing will later be good at reading and writing the verses revealed to him. Until later when all the revelations have come down, it will be given the name of the Qur'an (Hamka, 2005: 215). Which the Qur'an means is a recitation, until it is as if Allah says: "read, on My qudrat and iradat". So the main theme in surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 is a lesson to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Thus the literacy of the perspective of QS al-'Alaq verses 1-5 in addition to the command to read, man is also commanded to write (using a pen). So that this letter and verse give emphasis on the importance of literacy in the sense that se As for the forms of literacy activities found in QS al-'Alaq include: The

Value of Reading
In Surat al-'Alaq, the meaning of reading is symbolized by the word iqra '. As in His words which reads: Further on in the second verse, this is a form of further introduction to Rabb found in the first verse. In introducing His deeds, creation is the first thing that is emphasized, because it is a requirement for the execution of other deeds. (M. Quraish Syihab, 2005: 396). Hafriah, the word al-insan ‫)اۡلنسان(‬ in this verse is taken from the word uns ‫)أنس(‬ which means easy, tame and harmonious. or from the word ‫)نسي(‬ nis-y which means forget. There is also those who argue that it comes from the word ‫)نوس(‬ naus which is movement or dynamics (M. Quraish Syihab, 2005: 396). This describes human beings as beings who can give birth to happiness, harmony, and happiness for others. The word human also describes human beings with various forms its nature (M. Quraish Syihab, 2005: 397).
Man is the first creature called Allah in the Qur'an through the first revelation. Not just because he was created in form which is best, or because of everything in this universe created and subdued by God for his own sake, but also because the holy book of the Qur'an is intended for human beings to be a lamp his life. One of the ways used by the Qur'an to convey man appreciates the instructions of God is to introduce the essence himself among other things by describing the process of its occurrence. (M. Quraish Syihab, 2005: 397).
Furthermore, the word 'alaq in this second verse according to al-Ashafani in Quraish Syihab, 2005: 397) means blood clots. While al-Maraghi saw the verse explains that Allah SWT who made man from a blood clot into the most noble creature and gave the potential (al-Qudrah) to assimilate with everything that exists in the universe which then moves with the power of Allah so that man can dominate the earth with all its contents (Colle Said, 2016: 103). After commanding to read with sincerity solely for the sake of God, now the third verse repeats the command to read. The repetition of the words found in the verse is closely related to the method used by Allah in teaching His Messenger. Where this command to read is repeated twice, this can give an indication that in addition to ordering reading also by conveying God's promise of the benefits of reading which is a method or means in habituation in order to acquire knowledge. (M. Quraish Shihab, 2005: 398). With the word ‫االكرم‬ found in the continuation of this third verse is usually translated with the most generous. This word is taken from the word ‫كرم‬ (karama) which among others means: give, easily and selflessly, high value, honorable, noble, loyal, and the nature of nobility.
The word ‫االكرم‬ which is superlative is the only verse in the Qur'an that describes God in that form. This contains the notion that He can bestow the pinnacle of all that is praiseworthy for each of His servants, especially in relation to the command to recite (M. Quraish Shihab, 2005: 398).

The Value of Researching
The term iqra 'is not just meant to read the written text, so it is contradictory with the fact that the Prophet SAW. is an ummi (not good at reading and writing), also the angel Gabriel at that time did not read the written text. As explained by Quraish Shihab (2005: 392) Shihab, 2005: 392).
From this it can be concluded that the object of the command of iqra ' is global, including the study of the universe, society, self, and all written readings with one condition that all of them must be done with or in the name of God (Quraish Shihab, 2005: 392 ). In other words, the meaning of iqra ' is that Allah commands human beings to read in the broadest sense (study, research, etc.) of whatever Allah has created, both in the form of written verses (qauliyah) and verses that implied (kauniyah). The obligation to read must mention the name of God with the aim of enslaving oneself to God and hoping for His help.

The Value of Writing 1)
In Surat al-'Alaq, the meaning of writing is symbolized by the word pen.
The one who teaches (man) with a pen, (QS al'Alaq: 4) The word ‫القلم‬ (al-qalam) is taken from the verb ‫قلم‬ (qalama) which means to cut the end of something. In this context, the word ‫(قلم‬pens)is defined by two things: a tool for writing and the results of its form of writing (M. Quraish Shihab, 2005: 401).
From the above interpretation, it is clear that in the verse explains that one of the forms of mercy of God Almighty. That is, teaching people with a pen as their means and effort. This shows that the pen is defined as a tool. As ‫قلم‬ word(pens)are also supported on another verse which reads: ‫يسطرون‬ ‫وما‬ ‫والقلم‬ ‫ن‬ means: "The <n, by Pen and what they write, "104 : 1) In the interpretation of al-Azhar, Hamka (2015: 40) explains that the meaning of the letters that <n means ink and pens as pen where the combination those two elements then become tools for writing. Then swear by what they write is the result and work of the pen belonging to the scholars who spread knowledge through writing. The three elements, namely ink, pen, and writing as a result of what the authors wrote. Which is very important for humanity and the development of mankind in all areas of life. Thus, we can know that the meaning of the pen has two meanings, namely lat to write and the result in the form of writing.  Shihab (2005: 402) in the interpretation of al-Mishba <h explains that the two verses above explain the two ways of Allah SWT in teaching human beings, the first is through a pen (writing) that must be read by human beings, and the second is through direct teaching without tools.This second method is known as science. laduni. \ Thus it can be known that: first, that is the teaching of God Almighty through the pen (writing) that must be read by humans is proof that to obtain human knowledge must be active in seeking knowledge of what is not yet known through writing; second, that is the teaching of Allah SWT directly without tools is a form of His mercy of Allah, because human beings are born into the world in a state of ignorance. ahan, God gave man the ability to see with his eyes and hear with his ears. With this ability, human beings are finally able to achieve a branch of science, both religious and other sciences. Or even knowledge that may be directly given by God to some people who are desired without going through learning (Amalia, A., & Muslimah, 2021). As the teaching of God is also described in the following verse reads:  (2005: 176) in his commentary that the above verse explains, God taught Adam the names of all objects, namely by giving him the potential knowledge of the names or words used in designating objects, or teach him to know the function of objects.Through this verse, informs that man is endowed by God with the potential to know the name or function and characteristics of objects, such as the function of fire, the function of wind, etc. He also endowed the potential to speak.As the language teaching system to man (little child) does not begin by teaching the verbs, but first teaches him the names.After the teaching of God is digested ole h Prophet Adam as understood from the next word, namely Allah "presented" the objects to the angels and then said, "tell Me the names of the objects if you are right" in the allegation so that man becomes the caliph. But in fact the order is not intended to answer, but to prove the confusion of the allegation (M. Quraish Shihab, 2005: 117). While the meaning of teaching the perspective of Surat al-'Alaq verses 1-5 is clear that God as his teacher and the Prophet Muhammad as his disciple, the method used is by repeating the word iqra', and the tools used by God in teaching his servants indirectly that is through pen intermediary. With these components, the purpose of the teaching can be achieved, which aims to build human beings able to perform their functions as servants and caliphs to build the world in accordance with the concept set by God Almighty.

The Value of Teaching
From the above description we can know that the essence of literacy is that the reader is a witness. That is, in this case human beings are not only limited to reading outwardly (simply by seeing) but also need a balance of the inner (to feel and understand it with heart and mind) so that all aspects needed in witnessing it is met. Therefore, the meaning of reading here is defined as reading by understanding, living, deepening, analyzing, etc. Then it relates to the literacy of his scientific perspective in various fields. The ability to read will be meaningless if there is no object to read, and on the other hand the existence of a reading object requires that humans have the ability to read in order to understand it.
Iqra ', qalam and ' allama are important components as the key to knowledge. In the Qur'an, the pen is a means to perpetuate and transform science. Up to this point pens are not only limited to the pen, but by looking at the times when these pens can be more than that, such as computers, typewriters, and data storage media such as flash and hard drive can also be categorized as pens.With the existence of the pen in this various forms, it certainly makes it easier for people in the process of iqra '. Also, it is easy for a person to give teachings to others, either directly through the intermediary of the pen , or indirectly, that is, through human efforts to obtain the teachings.