AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM EXPRESSIONS IN NOVEL “MARY POPPINS”

By reading novels students can simultaneously learn several language skills. Vocabulary skills related to other language skills. Vocabulary skills are related to the ability to write and read as well as speak. However, not many teachers do not use novels as a teaching medium. In the novel, there are idiom expressions that are very important for the development of students' English skills. This research method uses qualitative methods, with literature study research techniques. The document being studied is a novel entitled Marry Poppins. The results of the study found several types of idioms, 36% of phrasal verbs, 22% of prepositional phrases, 14% of idioms with verbs as keywords, 11% of idioms with nouns as keywords, 11% of idioms with adjective as keywords and 6 idiomatic pairs. %


INTRODUCTION
In daily life, we use a language as a tool to communicate with each other. Language can be used when we are talking about or having a conversation with others, such as when we talk to our parents, our teachers, our friends, our lovers, and even our rivals. Language itself is the source of human life and power. Language can also be used to establish rules and maintain humans' culture. In short, everyone in this world knew at least one language.
Basically, native speaker usually uses Idiom in their daily life. But for people who learn EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and ESL (English as a Second Language) they don't understand it. Why.? The answer is that not all people understand the meaning of idioms. There some reasons why understanding idioms are difficult ( Mabruroh, K.: 2015).
And the big mistake is they try to translate it into word by word. Of course, the meaning is totally different with the exactly meaning. So the learners fail to find appropriate words to express themselves (Wang, B. T., and friends : 2015). Since idioms convey meaning quickly and enable language users express themselves more efficiently, they should be integrated into the teaching and learning process of foreign languages. As well as English ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) language learners, either EFL (English as a Foreign Language) or ESL (English as a Second Language), idioms are considered to be one of the hardest and the most interesting parts of the English vocabulary. Teaching a large amount of vocabulary in class is not feasible as it takes away the time needed for students to learn other language skills Groot (in Bensalem, E. 2018). Even, idioms are one of the greater problems in learning English because idioms present some of the most difficult materials for English language learners to successfully understand. However, idioms must be learned because they have an important role as the part of language.
So, if the English language learners do not learn English idioms, they will never know when the other person uses it; or they cannot understand what are talking about by the speakers. Moreover, the use of idioms in a conversation will be more attractive because of the beautiful to hear.
The use of idiom is applied in an idiomatic expression. Idiomatic expression is a kind of complex lexical item and its meaning cannot be inferred from its parts. In other word, idiomatic expression is special expression which consists of a series of word or phrase in English which has different meaning in literary or word-by-word. Even, there are some distinctions the use of English idiom between British and America. Such distinctions are in the use of their meaning, phrase and form. The native speakers of the English language are very often used idiomatic expressions in their everyday speech. In spoken, idiomatic expressions can be used in songs, whereas in written, the use of idiomatic expressions are expressed in literature. Literature as the shape and the result of a creative work is a medium which utilizes language to reveal about human life. Literary work is an art of language because it is an expression of the human person in the form of experiences, thoughts, feelings, ideas, spirit, and belief in a form of picture of life. In literary work, we can independently express our experiences, thoughts, feelings, and ideas.
Here, in this research, the researcher chooses novel as the data of this research because of many benefits that we can get in reading a novel. The meaning of novel is narrative text informing of prose with a long shape that including some figures and fiction event in a realistic of true-to-life manner. In a novel, the author makes every effort to direct the reader to the reality of life images through the stories contained in the novel. Thus, the novel tells only one facet of the character's life that really special, which resulted in a change of ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) fortune. One of the benefits in reading a novel is we can understand those meaning of idioms so that we will become richer with the treasury.
The researcher thinks it is an artistically beautiful novel which carries strong messages for the readers. Moreover, this research will be very useful for the readers who read that novel to understand what the novel tells about, in order to give extension reference for the development of students' idiomatic competence since many people mistake when they are trying to interpret the meaning of idiomatic expressions.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher is interested to analyze the novel that in focus on Idiomatic Expressions in novel Mary Poppin by P.L. Travers by researching main and subordinate characters' Idiom. Mary Poppin is a well-known novel written by P.L. Travers to which there are five sequels. Because the title character is a nanny with magical powers, many readers assume the novel is work of fantasy written for children; in fact, Travers intended Mary Poppins for adult readers, as the novel's heroine is unexpectedly complex.
Mary Poppins herself is often maliciously caustic; throughout the narrative, Travers mocks the class-conscious norms of Edwardian Britain against a fantastical backdrop of talking animals and other marvels, presaging conflicts to come over social position and the meaning of affluence in a rapidly changing society.
1. The research is important to be carried out because through the theory of idiomatic expressions, the researcher can know the types of idiomatic expressions such as: idioms of phrasal verb, idioms of prepositional phrase, idioms with verbs as keyword, idioms with nouns as keyword, idioms with adjectives as keyword, idiomatic pair, fixed expression, euphemism, and many more. Scope of the Research is Since Idiomatic expressions are can be found in daily speech of English rather, likewise, on radio, in novels, newspapers, magazines, articles, song lyrics, poetry, and books of travel. The researcher inter in the study of linguistics kind of ssemantics especially in semantics idioms that can be found in the novel, the researcher will analyze and focus on idiom expressions that used in main and subordinate characters and its types used Travers. The results of analysis can be used as data for the source of teaching. The purpose of this study is to have the idiom's data and used for teaching.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words, which can make idioms hard for ESL or L2 (English as a Second Language) and EFL or L1 (English as Foreign Language) students and learners to understand, an idiom is a combination of words that has a meaning that is different from the meanings of the individual words themselves. It can have a literal meaning in one situation and a different idiomatic meaning in another situation. It is a phrase which does not always follow the normal rules of meaning and grammar. For instance, "She eats like a bird".
Idioms tend to present difficulties for L2 learners because their meaning is often not transparent, and the choice of vocabulary seems to be unsystematic. Recent studies in cognitive linguistics, however, suggest that although the words in idiomatic phrases frequently do not retain their original meaning, idiomatic usage is semantically motivated.

NOVEL
Novel is a genre of fiction, and fiction may be defined as the art or craft of contriving, through the written word, representations of human life that instruct or divert or both. The various forms that fiction may take are best seen less as a number of separate categories than as a continuum or, more accurately, a cline, with some such brief form as the anecdote at one end of the scale and the longest conceivable novel at the other. When any piece of fiction is long enough to constitute a whole book, as opposed to a mere part of a book, then it may be said to have achieved novel hood. But this state admits of its own quantitative categories, so that a relatively brief ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) novel may be termed a novella (or, if the unsubstantial of the content matches its brevity, a novelette), and a very long novel may overflow the banks of a single volume and become a roman-fleuve, or river novel. Length is very much one of the dimensions of the genre.
Genre is a label that characterizes elements a reader can expect in a work of literature.
The major forms of literature can be written in various genres. Genre is a category characterized by similarities in style, or subject matter. The classic major genres of literature are: Fiction Comedy, Drama, Horror, Non-fiction, Realistic fiction, Romance novel, Satire, Tragedy, Tragicomedy.

METHODOLOGY
Qualitative research is designed to reveal a target audience's range of behaviour and the perceptions that drive it with reference to specific topics or issues. It uses in depth studies of small groups of people to guide and support the construction of hypotheses. The results of qualitative research are descriptive rather than predictive.
This research used social approach in which the objective is to describe the actual user or language for communication and how the society in main and subordinate characters in novel "Mary Poppins". The nature of research is not to test and to prove but also to explore and describe. The qualitative data consists of detailed description about idiom expressions and its types used in main and subordinate characters in novel "Mary Poppins" that found in every chapter the novel. The data analyze and produce in this study is social approach.

Research Tecnique
Research techniques used in this research is the method of literature study.
Book study is a data collection method is directed to search for data and information documents, both written documents and electronic documents that can support the writing process.
The technique employed in this research is library research. The document is used a novel "Mary Poppin". In this research, the researcher accomplished the data in each chapter that contained idiomatic expression. Then, the researcher started from reading the entire text or the object of the research, collecting and examining the data ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) in depth the books that are used as references materials. Then, the presented data statements, and then those are summarizing into the words to make them understandable.

Focus and Sub-focus of Research
In order to this research is more suggestive and directional, it is necessary to determine the focus and sub-focus research.

Focus of the Research
The focus of this research is to analyze idiom expressions and its types that used by main and subordinate characters to the social approach in literature analysis in novel "Mary Poppin" by P.L. Travers.

Sub-focus of the Research
Based on the focus of the study, the research sub-focus is the text of the story in novel itself. By looking which one is contained idiom expressions star from chapter 1 page 1 until chapter 7 page 60.
The research instrument of this research are: Researcher itself because researcher serves to establish the focus of the research, choose a different data sources, collect data, assess data, analyze data, interpret data and make conclusions on the findings and other research instrument in the form of texts idiom expression that used in the main and subordinate characters as well as the types in the novel "Mary Poppin" by P.L. Travers is in the study through a social approach in literature analysis.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this research, researcher found all types of idiom expressions based on Lim theory, as follow: Made is a verb that followed by up as an adverb. This is an idiom because made up can't be translated in literal meaning. Made up in this conversation means to make a final decision after a period of consideration.

Idioms of Phrasal Verb
"She went upstairs to take off her white gloves and put the umbrella away." (Travers,pg. 9) Discussion: Still on main character Marry Poppins. To take off is an idiom of phrasal verb that contain take is a verb and followed by off as an adverb. Take off means remove something or someone from someone or something else physically. While put the umbrella away is also an idiom of phrasal verb that contain put is a verb and away is an adverb which is means as to return something to its proper storage place. " Come along. She said sternly. As though they had kept her waiting" (Travers, pg. 9). 21 different meaning. In this sentence come away means to step or otherwise move away from something. Come is a verb and away is an adverb.

Idioms of Prepositional Phrase
In novel Mary Poppins by P.L. Travers the researcher found no more than 30 idioms of prepositional phrase. In this research, researcher only discussed 6 idioms of preposition phrase according to Lim in Advanced English Idiom There are words that cannot be translated one by one. Those words are in the expression on one's own. So that, such expression is included into idiomatic expression. Moreover, such expression is usually used in certain situation.
Hence, the type of above idiom is prepositional phrase. Then, the first word on of such expression is preposition. Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms of prepositional phrase. Furthermore, if the expression on one's own translated literally, the meaning of them cannot be appropriate with the context of sentence above. On my own feet in this context means without any assistance or support from anyone else. The expression at once means immediately or now. The first word at of such expression is preposition. Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms of prepositional phrase. Furthermore, if the expression at once translated in literal, the meaning of them cannot be appropriate with the context of sentence above.

Idioms with verbs as keyword
In this research, researcher found about 20 idioms with verbs as keyword.
Make them short the researcher will discuss only 6 idioms with verbs as keyword, such as: "I don't understand you. Do be good, I beg of you." (pg. 59)

Discussion:
The expression Do be good is also an idiomatic expression. It is an informal statement. This statement is always heard and used in everyday speech.
Regarding to this point, the classification of idiom in such idiomatic expression is idiom with verbs as a keyword. The first word of that expression is do that is a verb. The meaning of such expression in this novel is Mary Poppin as the main character wants the kids, Michael and Jane to be kind and generous to anyone especially to Mary.
"……we saw her give them away to Maia. And she's not wearing them now" (pg. 56)

Discussion:
Give them away is an idiomatic expression which called idioms with verbs as keyword. Give is verb. And the meaning of such an idiom above in this context is completely to daonate to or bestow something upon someone else. In this case them refers to Mary's white gloves. In the sentence above, there are words that cannot be translated one by one.
Those words are in the expression wrap it up. So that, such expression is included into idiomatic expression. Moreover, such expression is usually used in certain situation. Hence, the type of above idiom is idioms with verbs as keyword. Then, the first word wrap of such expression is a verb. Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms with verbs as keywords.
Furthermore, if that expression translated literally, the meaning of them cannot be appropriate with the context of sentence above. Wrap it up in this context means is to get to the point of what one is saying.
"Oh no, I don't. I promise I don't, Mary Poppins. Do tell." (pg.

16)
Discussion: The expression Do tell is also an idiomatic expression. This statement is always heard and used in everyday speech. Regarding to this point, the classification of idiom in such idiomatic expression is idiom with verbs as a keyword. The first word of that expression is do that is a verb. The meaning of such expression in this novel is to express surprise about something. In the sentence above, there are words that cannot be translated one by one.
Those words are in the expression passing the time of day. So that, such ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) expression is included into idiomatic expression. Moreover, such expression is usually used in certain situation. Hence, the type of above idiom is idioms with verbs as keyword. Then, the first word pass add with -ing of such expression is a verb. Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms with verbs as keywords. Furthermore, if that expression translated literally, the meaning of them cannot be appropriate with the context of sentence above. Passing the time of day in this context means time spent chatting or socializing. This idiom heart of stones cannot be translated literally. This idiom means a very cold and pitiless person. Hence, the type of above idiom is idioms with nouns as keyword. Then, the first word heart of such expression is a noun.

Idioms with nouns as keyword
Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms with nouns as keywords.
"My goodness, said Mary Poppins. I am having my day out," (pg. 7) Discussion: This expression contains idiomatic expression especially idiom with nouns as keyword according to Lim in Advanced English Idiom (2004) that cannot be translated word by word. In this context day out is an idiom which mention above. Day is a noun. And this expression in novel Mary Poppin by P.L.
Travers means a trip, journey or visit somewhere away from home for the day.
"My word, said Mary Poppins admiringly……" (pg. 8) Discussion: In the sentence above, there are words that cannot be translated one by one.
Those words are in the expression my word. So that, such expression is ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) included into idiomatic expression. Moreover, such expression is usually used in certain situation. Hence, the type of above idiom is idioms with nouns as keyword. Then, the second word word of such expression is a noun. Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms with nouns as keywords.
Furthermore, if that expression translated literally, the meaning of them cannot be appropriate with the context of sentence above. My word in this context means someone's honor or vow about or to do something. Based on the context of findings above, the expression a Beg pardon it's an idiomatic expression because of it has special meaning. The expression beg pardon is idiom with nouns as keyword which the word pardon is the part of speech "noun". It is followed by the word beg before hat has part of speech "verb". Then, it means apologize for what he or she just did or said. "Why don't we go there, right now this very day." (pg. 14) Discussion:

Idioms with adjectives as keyword
In the sentence above, there are words that cannot be translated one by one.
Those words are in the expression right now. So that, such expression is included into idiomatic expression. Moreover, such expression is usually used in certain situation. Hence, the type of above idiom is idioms with adjective as keyword. Then, the first word right of such expression is an adjective. Thus, in its classification of idiom is classified as idioms with adjective as keywords. Based on the context of findings above, the expression poor old it's an idiomatic expression because of it has special meaning. The expression poor old is idiom with adjective as keyword which the word poor is an adjective.
Then, it means someone or something that one feels sympathy, pity or compassion for.
"She thought it was such a lovely sight that she wished….." (pg. 10) Discussion: This expression contains idiomatic expression especially idiom with adjective as keyword according to Lim in Advanced English Idiom (2004) that expression cannot be translated word by word. In this context lovely sight is an idiom which mention above. lovely is an adjective. And this expression in novel Mary Poppin by P.L. Travers means an expression of gratitude said to someone.

Idiomatic Pairs
In this research, researcher also found type of idiomatic expression based on Lim in Advanced English Idiom (2004), one of them is idiomatic pairs. And in Novel Mary Poppin by P.L. Travers, researcher found 9 idiomatic pairs. Though, researcher only discussed 3 idiomatic expressions, as follow: "And presently they were rolling over and over on the floor….." (pg. 12)

Discussion:
Over and over, this expression is always used in spoken or written by English native speakers. The word over and over can be translated from individual meaning. In this context it is an idiom. The connection from over and over is a conjunction "and" so that it has type of idiom "idiomatic pairs". The meaning of them is something that do again and again, many times and repeatedly, etc.
"For she went sailing on and on, up into the cloudy……" (pg. 58) Discussion: According to the context of the data on and on can be translated word by word.
But at this point, on and on is defined as idiom. Furthermore, those words are connected by the word and in which the word and is one of kinds from ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print) conjunction. Dealing with Lim in English Advanced Idiom (2004), the words of "Idiomatic Pairs" are connected by conjunction (linking word, usually and).
In their idiomatic meaning, it means "doing something continuously and perpetually without stopping".

Discussion:
Ups and down, this expression is always used in spoken or written by English native speakers. The word ups and down can be translated from individual meaning. In this context it is an idiom. The connection from ups and down is a conjunction "and" so that it has type of idiom "idiomatic pairs". The meaning of them is do something that make confused, chaotic or disordered state or manner.

CONCLUSION
Analysis of idiom expressions in the main and subordinate characters in the novel "Mary Poppins" by P.L. Travers use social approach in literature analysis. This approach is based on the theory of social life and environment, also social life in intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This theory is applied to analyze the main and subordinate characters' expressions that exist in this novel. Idioms expression which dominant than others is idioms of phrasal verb with percentage 36%. An idiom of phrasal verb is an idiom that the head of the expression contain "verb + preposition" which cannot be translated literally.
The idiom which rare to use by the main and subordinate characters is idiomatic pairs expression that only 6%.
Types of idioms expression in the main and subordinate characters studied of the six types of idiomatic expressions according to Lim's theory in her book Advanced English Idioms (2004). The researcher counted the percentage of the six types of idiom expressions such as Idioms with phrasal verb 36%, idioms with prepositional phrase 22%, idioms with verbs as ISSN 2541-2922 (Online) ISSN 2527-8436 (Print)