KOSMOLOGI PENCIPTAAN DALAM DISKURSUS SAINS DAN AGAMA: ANALISIS EPISTEMOLOGIS TERHADAP TEORI EMANASI AL-FARABI, KONSEP NUR MUHAMMAD, DAN KOSMOLOGI BIG BANG
Keywords:
Emanasi Al-Farabi, Nur Muhammad, Kosmologi Islam, Big Bang, Filsafat Dan SainsAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji persoalan asal-usul penciptaan alam semesta dengan menempatkannya dalam dialog antara pemikiran Islam klasik dan kosmologi modern. Fokus pembahasan diarahkan pada teori emanasi Al-Farabi, konsep Nur Muhammad dalam tradisi tasawuf Islam, serta relevansinya dengan teori Big Bang dalam sains kontemporer. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana masing-masing kerangka epistemik menjelaskan relasi antara Tuhan sebagai sebab pertama dengan realitas kosmik yang beragam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi kepustakaan (library research), dengan analisis komparatif-epistemologis terhadap sumber filsafat Islam, teks tasawuf, dan literatur kosmologi modern. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa teori emanasi Al-Farabi menekankan rasionalitas-metafisis dan struktur hierarkis, konsep Nur Muhammad menekankan pengalaman batin, intuisi, dan simbolisme, sementara teori Big Bang menuntut verifikasi empiris melalui observasi dan pemodelan matematis. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa ketiga paradigma kosmologi beroperasi dalam rezim epistemik berbeda namun tidak saling meniadakan. Integrasi komparatif yang bersifat epistemologis memungkinkan pembentukan pemahaman kosmologi yang komprehensif yakni argumentatif secara filosofis, mendalam secara spiritual, dan terverifikasi secara ilmiah. Pendekatan ini sekaligus menegaskan novelty penelitian, yakni menyediakan kerangka metodologis baru untuk dialog kritis antara filsafat Islam, sufisme, dan sains modern, serta menunjukkan relevansi pemikiran Islam klasik dalam konteks kosmologi kontemporer.
This research examines the question of the origin of the creation of the universe by placing it in a dialogue between classical Islamic thought and modern cosmology. The focus of the discussion was directed to the theory of the emanation of Al-Farabi, the concept of Nur Muhammad in the Islamic Sufism tradition, and its relevance to the Big Bang theory in contemporary science. The main problem examined is how each epistemic framework explains the relationship between God as the first cause and the diverse cosmic realities. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive through library research, with a comparative-epistemological analysis of Islamic philosophical sources, Sufism texts, and modern cosmological literature. The results of the analysis show that Al-Farabi's theory of emanation emphasizes metaphysical rationality and hierarchical structure, Nur Muhammad's concept emphasizes inner experience, intuition, and symbolism, while the Big Bang theory demands empirical verification through observation and mathematical modeling. These findings confirm that the three cosmological paradigms operate in different epistemic regimes but do not negate each other. Comparative integration that is epistemological allows the formation of a comprehensive understanding of cosmology, which is philosophically argumentative, spiritually profound, and scientifically verified. This approach also affirms the novelty of the research, which provides a new methodological framework for the critical dialogue between Islamic philosophy, Sufism, and modern science, and demonstrates the relevance of classical Islamic thought in the context of contemporary cosmology.
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